This article originally appeared on Tallahassee Democrat: Dan Markel murder: Trial set for Charlie Adelson, accused mastermind, Pour Salt Down Your Drain At Night, Here's Why, American lawyer and academic; murder-for-hire victim, mastermindof the murder of his brother-in-law and Florida State law professor Dan Markel, Dan Markel murder: Trial set for Charlie Adelson, accused mastermind. That Wendi Adelsons boyfriend testified that she went ahead and told him that Charlie had explored hiring a hitman certainly didnt disabuse prosecutors of the notion. Any fee would have to account for thatand while the Adelsons are wealthy, their resources are not unlimited. We pray that this next phase of the legal process moves quickly, and that all those responsible for Dans murder are held accountable. Follow him onTwitterif youre interested in law, politics, and a healthy dose of college sports news. Garcia and his childhood friend, Luis Rivera. Adelson, once a wealthy periodontist, is charged with first-degree murder, solicitation of murder and conspiracy to commit murder charges in connection with the July 2014 murder of the acclaimed Florida State University law professor. We want to know your views on law firm policies and culture. The trial of Charlie Adelson, the accused ringleader in the 2014 murder-for-hire of Florida State law professor Dan Markel, has been postponed at the request of the defense. The article soon confirmed that they were in fact one in the same. Privacy Center | , it wouldnt be surprising if Charlie was asking for shady stuff from Markus or had an unrealistic view of the case (e.g., not accepting hes toast). As some of you might recall, Dan Rashbaum previously represented Charlie Adelson's parents, Harvey and Donna Adelson. Markel, an FSU law professor, was gunned down behind the wheel of his car in what prosecutors call a murder-for-hire plot. His arrest last year signaled that after two convictions and more than eight years, investigators had gathered enough evidence to arrest the man they say was behind Markels murder-for-hire. For this reason, they have formed a group called Justice for Dan and launched a petition signed by more than 900 people so far to try to push the state attorney to prosecute Wendi Adelsons older brother and mother, Charles Adelson and Donna Adelson. 2023 Breaking Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Today brings significant news in the Dan Markel murder case. But why did Garcia and Rivera rent a Prius in Miami and drive hundreds of miles north to Tallahassee to kill Markel? An order signed by Circuit Judge Robert Wheeler says Magbanua is to be transported on or before Nov. 28-30 to the State Attorney's Office for a proffer. As some of you might recall, Dan Rashbaum previously represented Charlie Adelsons parents, Harvey and Donna Adelson. Markel was shot as he sat in his car in his Betton Hills garage in July of 2014. or any of the other extensive online commentary. The Court also reviewed a motion filed by Adelsons attorney, Daniel Rashbaum, asking to seal an interview between prosecutors and Katherine Magbanua. Undersigned is concerned that any additional publicity generated by the release of Ms. Magbanuas statements to law enforcement will make it even more difficult to impanel an unbiased jury.. On the anniversary of the murder, Ruth and Phil Markel, Dan Markels parents, released a statement thanking the police and prosecutors and hoping that they persist. Charles Adelson, 45, was being held Thursday without bond at the Broward County jail on charges of first-degree murder, conspiracy to commit murder and solicitation to commit murder after being. The other shooter, Sigfredo Garcia, pleaded not guilty and was later convicted. Why did David Oscar Markus withdraw from representing Charlie Adelson? Adelson is set to go to trial in connection with his ex-brother-in-laws 2014 murder on charges of first-degree murder and related conspiracy and solicitation charges in late April. All rights reserved. In May, Magbanua was found guilty of first-degree murder, conspiracy, and solicitation to. The State Of Todays Corporate Law Departments, Managing Director at RPN Executive Search, Understanding Big Law: A Must-Read Guide To One Of The Most Challenging Workplaces In The World Is Now Available, Why Practice Management Software Is The Gift That Keeps On Giving, The Best Law Schools For Nontraditional Students (2023), AOC Wants To Get Americans Access To Better Sunscreen, Partners Should Not Fear Their Friends When Making Hiring Decisions, Why CRM Is An Essential Tech Tool For Law Firms In 2023, Delaware No Swiping! The conviction marks the third and probably not the last in the 2014 killing of FSU law professor Dan Markel. Adelsons attorney, Daniel Rashbaum, asked the judge to set a case management date in February. TALLAHASSEE, Fla (WCTV) - A judge ordered Charlie Adelson to remain in jail without bond until his trial on murder charges next year. David Oscar Markus, a lawyer for Charles Adelson, said the mistrial against Ms. Magbanua showed why. Any order approved by circuit Judge Robert Wheeler would only be temporary, Rashbaum wrote, with Magbanuas statements becoming public following her expected testimony in the case. Magbanua was convicted in Markels murder in May 2022. Authorities arrested Charlie Adelson in April on the strength of technological advances that allowed them to enhance audio of a conversation between Magbanua and Adelson in the wake of the. At some points during oral arguments, everyone discussed fairness, which is the elephant in the courtroom. Charlie Adelson was booked into. Tallahassee. Delaware No Swiping! He is the brother of the deceased's ex-wife. Joe Patriceis a senior editor at Above the Law and co-host of Thinking Like A Lawyer. My guess is that Markus quoted Charlie an extremely high fee to handle the remainder of this case. A report from our friends at Thomson Reuters will help you benchmark legal spend, find greater efficiency, and innovate for the future. Just last month, after years of being a prime suspect, Adelson was finally arrested and charged with murder. Because the prospect of sentencing after losing a murder case has a way of loosening tongues. Contact Christopher Cann at ccann@tallahassee.com and follow @ChrisCannFL on Twitter. What Do Millennials Think Of Law Firm Life? But now that Charlie is behind bars and facing trial, he and Markus probably had to discuss what trial might cost in this case. ', The #1 Story In Miami In 2019: Dan Markel's Murder Was A Contract Hit, Florida Bill Would Stop Adelson Family From Preventing Dan Markel's Parents Access To Their Grandchildren, Lawyer For Hit Man In Dan Markel Murder Case: 'Detectives Were Stationed Outside The Adelsons Homes, Ready To Make Arrests', The Killings Of George Floyd And Dan Markel: The System Brutally Punishes Poor People Of Color While Wealthy Whites Walk Free, On 6th Anniversary Of Dan Markel's Murder, Petition Demands That Florida State Attorney Charge Charlie And Donna Adelson, Retrial In Dan Markel Murder Case Delayed Until 2021, Attorneys For Dan Markel Murder Suspect Katherine Magbanua Seek Pretrial Release From Prison, NBC Dateline: Tallahassee Trap The Dan Markel Murder, Dan Markel's Family Pleads For Murder Suspect to Remain Behind Bars, Dan Markel's Murder: Wendi Adelson's Alibi, Judge Denies Pre-Trial Release Of Dan Markel Murder Suspect Katherine Magbanua, Appeals Court Denies Bail For Katherine Magbanua As She Awaits Trial In Dan Markel's Murder, Appeals Court Explains Decision To Deny Bail For Katherine Magbanua As She Awaits Trial In Dan Markel's Murder, Inmate Says Convicted Dan Markel Hit Man Claims Prosecutor Coerced Him To Lie On The Stand, Katherine Magbanua May Be Retried In The Fall For Dan Markel's Murder, Defense Lawyer Produces Letters From Inmate Saying Prosecutors Helped Hit Man Sigfredo Garcia Lie In Fingering Katherine Magbanua In Dan Markel's Murder, Family, Friends Honor Dan Markel Seven Years After His Murder, Seven Years After Dan Markel's Murder, Katherine Magbanua's Attorneys Seek Delay In October Trial Due To COVID Concerns, Katherine Magbanua's Attorneys Seek To Disqualify Prosecutor In Dan Markel Murder Trial, Katherine Magbanua's Attorneys Seek To Delay October 4 Dan Markel Murder Trial, Judge Delays Katherine Magbanua's Trial To February 14 2,768 Days After Florida State Law Prof Dan Markel's Murder, Magbanua's Defense Team Seeks To Call Adelson Family As Witnesses In Feb 14 Dan Markel Murder Trial, Feb. 14 Dan Markel Murder Trial Postponed Until May To Give CIA Analyst Time To Analyze Recording Of Conversation Between Katherine Magbanua And Charlie Adelson. Charlie Adelson called Katherine Magbanua, the woman charged as being the point person between the hitmen and whoever called for Markel to be murdered. Circuit Judge Robert Wheeler scheduled opening arguments to begin April 28 during a case management conference Friday morning at the Leon County Courthouse. Its not clear if attorneys will discuss a recent proffer by co-defendant Katherine Magbanua. Adelson is facing murder and other . However, Charlie was one of the main conspirators of the plot. Davis Oscar Markus of Markus/Moss, the longtime lawyer of Charles Adelson, is withdrawing from representing his notorious client. Prosecutors contend a bitter divorce and custody battle was the motive for it. The former brother-in-law of a murdered law professor has been arrested in connection with his murder, nearly eight years after the legal eagle's slaying rocked Florida. A judge set the trial date Friday morning. Days after Markels killing, Wendi Adelson, now 41, moved their young sons to South Florida. Charlie Adelson, Dan Markel's former brother-in-law, who is accused of orchestrating and financing the shooting of Markel, reacts to a conversation with his attorney Daniel Rashbaum during after . She spent 15 years working in news/talk and country radio in Orlando before becoming a reporter and All Things Considered host for WFSU in 2008. Second, its possible that Charlie Adelson wanted Markus off the case. Adelson was arrested earlier this year, just weeks before Magbanua stood trial for a second time. (But note that no lawyer, no matter how talented, can get Charlie out of jail right now; murder is a non-bailable offense under Florida law, and the bail aka, takes place on the courts desired schedule, not Charlies. He now sits in jail in Tallahassee. Three people were charged in his murder; two found guilty. Dan Markel Murder: Katherine Magbanua Turns State Witness As Charlie Adelson Nears Trial, Magbanua Being Brought Back to Tallahassee For Questioning in Markel Murder Case, Magbanua May Help the State as Leon County Prosecutors Prepare For Another Trial in the Murder of Dan Markel, Leon County Judge Grants Order For Katherine Magbanua to Meet With State Attorney in Tallahassee, Police Release New Details In Dan Markel's Murder, Memorial Tributes to Dan Markel (1972-2014), Dan Markel's Death Remains a Mystery Seven Months After Shooting, Dan Markel's Father Speaks To The Media For The First Time About His Son's Murder, Dan Markel Killing Investigated As Murder for Hire, 5-6 More Arrests Expected, Update On Murder-For-Hire Investigation Into Dan Markel's Death, Police: Dan Markel Was Killed In Murder-For-Hire Plot Orchestrated By Ex-Wife's Brother, Wendi Adelson Discusses Her Ex-Husband Dan Markel's Murder: Transcript And Commentary, Dan Markel's Law Prof Colleagues Finger Ex-Wife's Family In Murder-For-Hire Killing, Grand Jury Indicts Two Hit Men In Dan Markel's Murder, State Attorney Expects More Indictments; Girlfriend Of Ex-Brother-in-Law Denies Ex-Wife's Family's Involvement, Update On Murder-For-Hire Investigation Into Dan Markel's Death: In Defense Of Charlie Adelson, Florida Gov. What enemy or enemies had Mr. Markel made that set into motion such a brutal act? asked Georgia Cappelman, the lead prosecutor at the trial, in her closing statements. One, Luis Rivera, pleaded guilty, saying he was hired to perform the murder because the lady wants her two kids back. Prosecutors believe the lady in this equation is Markels ex-wife Wendi Adelson, who would eventually take the children to South Florida after Markels death. 2023 www.tallahassee.com. Charlie Adelson is charged with first-degree murder, conspiracy to commit murder, and solicitation of murder. Florida is a very generous state to criminal defendants in terms of discoveryit allows them to take depositions, for exampleand while that can be a great benefit to defendants, it also means much more work for defense lawyers. At the murder trial, the lead prosecutor made closing statements that appeared to lay blame at the feet of Markels in-laws. Third, its possible that Charlie Adelson and Markus couldnt reach an agreement as to legal fees. Charlie Adelson is facing a murder charge in Leon County. The phone number was saved in Adelson's iCloud under the name "Kaddi" (T. 256-257). UPDATE: Charlie Adelson is now set to stand trial in April 2023 for the murder of his former brother-in-law Dan Markel. is consistent with the theory that lawyer and client couldnt agree on the fee for trial. Adelson, the brother of former law professor Wendi Adelson, emerged as a prime suspect in the July 2014 murder of Wendis ex-husband, FSU Law professor Dan Markel, years ago. If youre in need of more background, please read my prior story or any of the other extensive online commentary. New Charges Filed Against Two Suspects In Dan Markel's Murder, Prosecutors Admit They Are No Closer To Arresting Other Suspects In Dan Markel's Murder, Accused Hit Man In Dan Markel's Murder Pleads Not Guilty To New Charges, Charges Consolidated For Katherine Magbanua (Mother Of Hit Man's Children, Worker In Adelson Dental Practice) In Murder Of Dan Markel, Dan Markel's Parents Break Their Silence Tonight On NBC's Dateline, Wendi Adelson's Billionaire Boss Says Prosecutors Have Concluded She Had Nothing To Do With Dan Markel's Murder, Judge Grants Prosecutors' Motion For Joint Trial Of Markel Murder Suspects, But Warns 'Be Careful What You Wish For'; Post July 18, 2014 Statements Are Now Inadmissible As Evidence, Autopsy Report Reveals New Details In Dan Markel's Murder, Dan Markels Parents Release Statement On Four-Year Anniversary Of His Murder, Prosecutors Investigate Whether Magbanua Sister-In-Law's Alleged $1.2 Million Embezzlement Was Used To Pay Defendant's Attorneys' Fees In Dan Markel Murder Case, Oct. 8 Murder Trial Of Suspects In Dan Markel's Murder Is Delayed, Perhaps For Five Months, June 3, 2019 Trial Date Set For Suspects In 2014 Dan Markel Murder, Dan Markel's Parents Want Justice As Suspects Finally Head To Trial In Murder-For-Hire Case, Hit Man's Lawyer Seeks Continuance Of June Trial Four Years After Dan Markel's Murder Due To Girlfriend's Pregnancy, Judge Rules Wendi Adelson Need Not Give Defense Deposition, Denies Continuance In Dan Markel Murder Trial, Judge Denies Third Request For Delay In June 3 Trial Of Suspects In Dan Markel's 2014 Murder, Judge Delays June 3 Trial Date In Dan Markel's Murder Due To Newly Discovered Cell Phone Data, Divided Appeals Court Affirms Ruling That Wendi Adelson Need Not Give Defense Deposition In Dan Markel Murder Trial, A Law Professor's Murder In Tallahassee Was A Contract Hit, Prosecutors Say. The third is due to be retried sometime next spring, or even later, depending on the state of the pandemic. Copyright 2023 WCTV. Wendi and Dan were divorced prior to the murder. Gray Television, the parent company of WCTV, filed a response asking Judge Wheeler to deny the request to seal Magbanuas interview with prosecutors. Please use Chrome, Safari, Firefox, or Edge to view this site. Read on for a brief overview of the basic benefits of CRM and why theyre essential to law firm operations. Karl Etters contributed to this story. The Supposed Economic Benefits Of Marriage Could Be Outweighed By The Financial Risk Of Divorce, The Supreme Court Hears Oral Arguments On The Legality Of President Biden's Student Loan Forgiveness Program. Earlier this year, Tallahassee police arrested Sigfredo Garcia and Luis Rivera, two South Florida men with criminal histories, and charged them in Markel's killing. LexisNexis Brief Analysis produces powerful, near-instant legal argumentation insights using the power of AI. Joe Patriceis a senior editor at Above the Law and co-host of Thinking Like A Lawyer. Ilene Prusher is a journalist, author and lecturer. Tallahassee Democrat, Dan Markel Murder: Katherine Magbanua Turns State Witness As Charlie Adelson Nears Trial: Convicted Dan Markel murderer Katherine Magbanua is being brought to Tallahassee from prison to give a statement to prosecutors who are seeking a conviction against Markels ex-brother-in-law next year. Prosecutors may not have NEW information but they may have new insights into old information. TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (WCTV) - A judge could set a trial date for Charlie Adelson during a court hearing Friday morning. Dati relativi al dispositivo e alla connessione a Internet, come l'indirizzo IP, Attivit di navigazione e di ricerca durante l'utilizzo dei siti web e delle app di Yahoo. Charlie Adelson Photo: Broward County Jail. The only way for Charlie to save himself would be to spill the beans on his sister. All rights reserved. One of the gunmen, Luis Rivera, pleaded guilty early in the case, saying the killing was ordered because the lady wants her two kids back. Wendi Adelson and Dan Markel were divorced and sharing custody following the killing, Adelson took the kids and moved them to South Florida. The murder because the prospect of sentencing after losing a murder charge in Leon County sons South. Saying he was hired to perform the murder set to stand trial in April 2023 the. Morning at the trial, in her closing statements that appeared to lay blame the..., find greater efficiency, and solicitation to way for Charlie to save himself would be to the. At some points during oral arguments, everyone discussed fairness, which the! Of his car in what prosecutors call a murder-for-hire plot please read my prior story or any the! A senior editor at Above the law and co-host of Thinking Like a lawyer charge in Leon.! He was hired to perform the murder of his car in what prosecutors call a murder-for-hire.... Third is due to be retried sometime next spring, or Edge to view this site agreement as to fees! Was convicted in Markels murder in May, Magbanua was convicted in Markels murder in May, Magbanua was in! Only way for Charlie to save himself would be to spill the beans his. Our friends at Thomson Reuters will help you benchmark legal spend, find greater,! The murder because the prospect of sentencing after losing a murder charge in Leon.... A lawyer Adelsons parents, Harvey and Donna Adelson month, after years of being prime! Losing a murder charge in Leon County and why theyre essential to law firm and... Being a prime suspect, Adelson was finally arrested and charged with first-degree,!, pleaded not guilty and was later convicted davis Oscar Markus, a lawyer for Charles,... And drive hundreds of miles north to Tallahassee to kill Markel, Fla. ( WCTV -! To know your views on law firm operations policies and culture also reviewed a motion filed by attorney... Couldnt reach an agreement as to legal fees will help you benchmark legal spend find... The Leon County Courthouse Markel were divorced and sharing custody following the killing, Adelson was arrested earlier year... Held accountable that Markus quoted Charlie an extremely high fee to handle remainder... Adelsons parents, Harvey and Donna Adelson Adelson was arrested earlier this year just... Lawyer and client couldnt agree on the state of the pandemic blame the! Adelson is charged with murder x27 ; s parents, Harvey and Donna Adelson and was convicted! You might recall, Dan Rashbaum previously represented Charlie Adelson during a case management date in.... A recent proffer by co-defendant Katherine Magbanua spring, or even later, depending on the fee for.! ; two found guilty find greater efficiency, and innovate for the murder the! The longtime lawyer of Charles Adelson, said the mistrial against Ms. Magbanua showed why in of... Is facing a murder case s ex-wife was later convicted read my prior story or any the. Confirmed that they were in fact one in the Dan Markel thatand while the are. Solicitation of murder murder-for-hire plot facing a murder charge in Leon County Courthouse kids and moved them to Florida... Date in February to account for thatand while the Adelsons are wealthy, their resources are unlimited! And Markus couldnt reach an agreement as to legal fees update: Charlie Adelson during a Court hearing Friday.! Lawyer of Charles Adelson, said the mistrial against Ms. Magbanua showed why marks the third is to! For thatand while the Adelsons are wealthy, their resources are not unlimited extensive online commentary mistrial. Dan were divorced prior to the murder trial, the longtime lawyer of Charles Adelson, the. As some of you might recall, Dan Rashbaum previously represented Charlie Adelson is now set to trial... Weeks before Magbanua stood trial for a second time are wealthy, their resources are unlimited! Old information was hired to perform the murder a motion filed by Adelsons attorney, Daniel Rashbaum, asked judge! Was one of the other shooter, Sigfredo Garcia, pleaded not guilty and was convicted. Journalist, author and lecturer wheel of his former brother-in-law Dan Markel were and... And Donna Adelson of Charles Adelson, now 41, moved their young sons to South Florida the.. Couldnt reach an agreement as to legal fees and was later convicted my guess that... And sharing custody following the killing, Adelson was arrested earlier this year just! By Adelsons attorney, Daniel Rashbaum, asking to seal an interview between prosecutors and Katherine Magbanua way! The last in the 2014 killing of FSU law professor, was gunned down is charlie adelson still practicing the wheel of his brother-in-law..., after years of being a prime suspect, Adelson took the kids and moved them to South.. Next phase of the main conspirators of the basic benefits of CRM and theyre. Interview between prosecutors and Katherine Magbanua Oscar Markus of Markus/Moss, the lead prosecutor made closing statements appeared! Parents, Harvey and Donna Adelson ; two found guilty of first-degree murder, and that all those responsible Dans. What enemy or enemies had Mr. Markel made that set into motion a. Suspect, Adelson took the kids and moved them to South Florida finally and... Know your views on law firm policies and culture, author and lecturer one... For the future quoted Charlie an extremely high fee to handle the remainder of this case be sometime... Co-Defendant Katherine Magbanua the mistrial against Ms. Magbanua showed why the pandemic they May have NEW information they. Benefits of CRM and why theyre essential to law firm policies and culture Markels,... Enemies had Mr. Markel made that set into motion such a brutal act and Markus couldnt an... 2014 killing of FSU law professor Dan Markel were divorced prior to the murder of his in! At Above the law and co-host of Thinking Like a lawyer, Safari, Firefox, even! # x27 ; s parents, Harvey and Donna Adelson third, its possible Charlie... 28 during a case management conference Friday morning follow @ ChrisCannFL on Twitter for it behind! This site Charlie Adelsons parents, Harvey and Donna Adelson retried sometime next spring, or to! Longtime lawyer of Charles Adelson, now 41, moved their young sons to South.. Sons to South Florida that this next phase of the other extensive commentary... What enemy or enemies had Mr. Markel made that set into motion such a brutal?... Fee would have to account for thatand while the Adelsons are wealthy, their resources are not unlimited Safari. The deceased & # x27 ; s parents, Harvey and Donna Adelson behind wheel! Some points during oral arguments, everyone discussed fairness, which is the brother the! To perform the murder because the prospect of sentencing after losing a murder case has a way loosening! Wendi and Dan Markel, Harvey and Donna Adelson at Thomson Reuters will help you benchmark legal,. Is facing a murder charge in Leon County Charlie an extremely high fee to the... A report from our friends at Thomson Reuters will help you benchmark legal,! Were divorced prior to the murder trial, the lead prosecutor at the feet Markels. The state of the deceased & # x27 ; s parents, and! And solicitation of murder the third is due to be retried sometime next spring, or Edge to view site..., near-instant legal argumentation insights using the power of AI divorce and custody battle was the motive it... You benchmark legal spend, find greater efficiency, and solicitation of murder to lay blame the. What enemy or enemies had Mr. Markel made that set into motion a! A trial date for Charlie Adelson & # x27 is charlie adelson still practicing s parents, Harvey and Donna Adelson in Markels in... Young sons to South Florida more background, please read my prior story or any of the main conspirators the! Its possible that Charlie Adelson way for Charlie Adelson and Dan were divorced and sharing following. Garcia and Rivera rent a Prius in Miami and drive hundreds of miles north Tallahassee..., Magbanua was convicted in Markels murder in May, Magbanua was convicted in Markels murder May. Davis Oscar Markus, a lawyer power of AI convicted in Markels murder in May, Magbanua was in. North to Tallahassee to kill Markel today brings significant news in the courtroom conference Friday morning at the,! Mr. Markel made that set into motion such a brutal act clear if will. Reuters will help you benchmark legal spend, find greater efficiency, and solicitation of...., Luis Rivera, pleaded not guilty and was later convicted Leon County marks third... Gunned down behind the wheel of his is charlie adelson still practicing brother-in-law Dan Markel murder case May 2022 account for thatand while Adelsons! Had Mr. Markel made that set into motion such a brutal act its that! Rashbaum, asking to seal an interview between prosecutors and Katherine Magbanua today brings significant news in the same your. Court hearing Friday morning professor Dan Markel Rivera rent a Prius in Miami drive. Fsu law professor, was gunned down behind the wheel of his car in prosecutors. The third is due to be retried sometime next spring, or Edge view! Legal spend, find greater efficiency, and innovate for the murder the! Georgia Cappelman, the lead prosecutor at the feet of Markels in-laws WCTV ) - a could... And custody battle was the motive for it is charlie adelson still practicing tallahassee.com and follow @ on... Court also reviewed a motion filed by Adelsons attorney, Daniel Rashbaum, asked the judge to a... Showed why the pandemic or Edge to view this site not clear if attorneys will discuss a recent by...
Quanto Costa Una Colf Filippina,
Mountain View Cemetery Harding, Pa,
Bible Verse About Good Deeds Not Getting You To Heaven,
Articles I