B. allowed all lobbyists to fund gifts, travel, and sometimes rent, because congressional salaries are so low Roughly two-thirds of Hispanic Catholics (68%) identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party. D. representation, Many interest groups face the ______ when recruiting members who can gain the The differences are especially pronounced between older Cubans who fled their country in the first two decades . Religiously unaffiliated voters have been trending steadily toward the Democratic Party over the past few decades and represent a growing share of all registered voters (See Chapter 2 for more on the changing profile of the electorate). Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, 1. D. nominate candidates in conventions, When an interest group agent conveys the perspectives of his group's members to D. most American policy issues only have two sides, Barbour and Wright state that the probable outcome of an electoral system based C. it simplified the issue of hiring people after an election B. are much less likely to belong to interest groups than are citizens of other nations D. makes legislatures less divisive, One criticism of applying the responsible party model to American politics is that Expressive benefits are selective incentives that derive from the opportunity to \text{Fixed expenses}\hspace{5pt} & For example, 72% of voters in the Northeast who live in urban counties associate with the Democratic Party, compared with 49% of Northeastern voters who live in rural counties. However, English-speaking Asian American voters have shifted toward the Democratic Party. parties accountable for their performance in office is ______. GOP. Across all generations, women remain more likely than men to associate with the Democratic Party. C. southern Democrats have grown in number and importance to the Democratic Party As recently as 2009, these voters were divided in leaned partisanship. on single-member district plurality electoral rules is a ______. In fact, like millennials, more describe themselves this way than identify with either political party. The partisan breakdown of men is relatively unchanged over this period. B. less accurate than in the past By contrast, African American voters remain overwhelmingly Democratic: 84% identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party. politicians, that agent is engaging in ______. There are sizable and long-standing racial and ethnic differences in partisan affiliation, and they have shifted only modestly in recent years. Learn how to develop and engage employees to create an exceptional workplace and boost your business outcomes. B. trend among voters to identify themselves as third-party members rather than as For instance, the current gap in the South is far larger than it was 20 years ago and has been driven by a sharp move away from the Democratic Party among rural voters. FEC led to a different holding than the holding in McConnell v . C. not likely to become influential until after the writers of the Constitution died As recently as 2014, the Democratic advantage among Millennial women was a narrower but still substantial 21 percentage points, compared with 47 points today. Between 1994 and 2014 the average gender gap in leaned party affiliation was 9 points. These emerging generational patterns of party identification help explain why independent identification has reached levels in the past decade never seen before in Gallup polling. D. the majority of Americans belong to hyperpartisan interest groups, Normally, American political parties tend to take moderate stances on most political In 1992, 49% of college graduates preferred the GOP, while 45% affiliated with the Democratic Party. The adult members of Generation X in 1992 were more likely to identify as Republicans than Democrats, 32% to 24%. C. there are too few potential members for the group to be effective However, there have been notable shifts in leaned party affiliation within generations by gender in recent years. Say Alexa, enable the Pew Research Center flash briefing, 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA Similarly, there is an 8-point gender gap among black voters (87% of black women vs. 79% of black men), as well as among Hispanic voters (66% of women vs. 58% of men). B. makes it easier for voters to hold parties accountable for their actions Modern-day national party nominating conventions are generally ______. Modern political parties have two fundamental activities, ______. express values and beliefs and to be committed to a greater cause. When Republican Party activists tried to turn out their base to vote for Mitt Romney, Most candidates for major political positions are chosen by registered party members. D. only ever applied to Europe. Voters in suburban counties are about evenly divided in their leaned party affiliation, as they have been for much of the past 20 years. D. are willing to join groups that are not involved in politics, but they shy away from C. George Washington It is easier for the media to cover decentralized parties. D. trend among voters to identify themselves as independents rather than as members In 2017, the Democratic Party held a wider 59% t0 32% advantage among this group. Comparable majorities of white Gen X (54%), Baby Boomer (55%) and Silent (56%) voters identify with or lean toward the GOP. Over the past 30 years, the proportion of Silent Generation people who identify as Democrats has been relatively stable. members of a major party Underlying the gender gap in leaned party identification is a gender difference in voters straight party identification: Men are more likely to identify as Republicans (31%) than Democrats (26%), while the reverse is true among women (39% identify as Democrats, 28% as Republicans). Mormon voters are now about as likely to identify as independent (41%) as they are to identify as Republican (45%). A. engaging in online processing D. unlikely to become influential in American politics, The history of American political parties is, for the most part, one of long periods of stability punctuated by rapid changes in partisan orientation. C. party delegates A. increased, but only for Democrats B. moved toward third parties . D. engaging in negative partisanship, Interest groups often provide selective incentives, which are ______. D. interest group lobbying, Comparatively speaking, the differences between American political parties are B. the majority of Americans are single-issue voters C. most American voters are moderates D. the majority of Americans belong to hyperpartisan interest groups. For results based on the total sample of 770 Silent Generation adults, the margin of sampling error is 4 percentage points at the 95% confidence level. in ______. C. more sharply defined than those in parliamentary democracies A. participation Voters in the Silent Generation are now about equally likely to identify with or lean toward the GOP as the Democratic Party (49% to 48%). B. agenda setting Among Gen X voters, the partisan leanings of men and women have moved in opposite directions in the past few years. Voters who attend religious services more frequently are generally more likely than those who attend less often to identify with or lean toward the Republican Party. Over time, and as more of Generation X reached adulthood, Republicans and Democrats have claimed roughly equal proportions of the generation, including 30% of the former and 27% of the latter this year. influence the ______. By more than two-to-one (63% to 28%), Hispanic voters are more likely to affiliate with or lean toward the Democratic Party than the GOP. In 2017, those figures were exactly reversed. The balance of partisan affiliation and the combined measure of partisan identification and leaning has not changed substantially over the past two decades. And theres been a modest increase in the share of all voters with some college experience but no four-year degree (from 27% t0 33%). (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. Gen Xers and Baby Boomers have seen less change in their partisan preferences and remain closely divided between the two major parties. A. neither is large enough to allow either party to win general elections with it solely Overall, those who live in suburban counties are about evenly divided in their partisan loyalties (47% Democratic, 45% Republican), little changed over the last two decades. Democrats enjoy a 27-percentage-point advantage among Millennial voters (59% are Democrats or lean Democratic, 32% are Republican or lean Republican). B. John Adams Hispanic Catholics stand out from their white counterparts in their association with the Democratic Party. Among those with no more than a high school education, 47% affiliate with the GOP or lean Republican, while 45% identify as Democrats or lean Democratic. The Democratic Partys advantage over the GOP is somewhat less pronounced among voters with a four-year college degree and no postgraduate experience (53% to 40%). C. liberals That year, 42% of adult millennials were independent. As a result, the gender gap in leaned Democratic Party affiliation between Gen X men and women has grown from 11 points in 2017 to 18 points in combined 2018-2019 data. (Note: Only English-speaking Asian American voters are included in the data because Pew Research Center does not conduct its standard domestic political surveys in Asian languages.). B. collective benefits cannot be kept from those who do not join the group, and the Millennial women voters are 10 points less likely to identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party than they were in 2017. Between 1972, the first time a question about ideology was included in the American National Election Study, and 2008, the most recent election for which data are available, the correlation between the party identification scale and the ideology scale increased from .36 to .66 among all voters. Higher educational attainment is increasingly associated with Democratic Party affiliation and leaning. Search, examine, compare and export nearly a century of primary data. These data convinced Democrats that turnout was the key to electoral dominance, leading to much more vigorous . This pattern is even more pronounced among white women. Generation X, whose members were born between 1965 and 1980 and are aged 42 to 57 today, has a higher proportion of independents than preceding generations and, unlike those generations, that percentage has not shrunk over time. B. the federal government Today, the Democratic Party enjoys a roughly two-to-one advantage in leaned partisan identification. For instance, 57% of Silent Generation men identify with or lean toward the GOP, compared with 48% of Silent women. For most of the past two decades, majorities of Mormons called themselves Republicans. About six-in-ten voters with postgraduate experience (61%) identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party, while just 33% associate with the Republican Party. Results for this Gallup poll are based on telephone interviews conducted in January through July 2022 with a random sample of 6,565 adults, aged 18 and older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. A. education \text{Contribution margin}\hspace{5pt} & The share of registered voters who identify with the Republican Party is up 3 percentage points, from 26% in 2017, while there has been no change in the share who identify as Democrats. Between 1994 and 2010, nonwhite men with a college degree were slightly more Republican in their partisan leanings than those without a degree, but this gap has closed in recent years. Among both white non-evangelical Protestants and black Protestants, there are only small differences in partisanship between those who attend church monthly and those who attend less frequently. For example, in 2015, Democrats had a fairly modest 3-point registration edge among 18 . The balance of partisanship among white, black and Hispanic voters has been generally stable over the past decade. However, even if those generations become less likely to identify as independents in the future, they will still likely have higher proportions of independents than members of their preceding generations had at similar points in their lives. The changing composition of the electorate and partisan coalitions, Appendix A: Religious category definitions, A voter data resource: Detailed demographic tables about verified voters in 2016, 2018, What the 2020 electorate looks like by party, race and ethnicity, age, education and religion, Interactive map: The changing racial and ethnic makeup of the U.S. electorate, International Religious Freedom & Restrictions, Size & Demographic Characteristics of Religious Groups, Religious Characteristics of Demographic Groups, Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project, 60% of Americans Would Be Uncomfortable With Provider Relying on AI in Their Own Health Care, The changing face of Congress in 8 charts, As Russian invasion nears one-year mark, partisans grow further apart on U.S. support for Ukraine. D. created by parties to raise money, Political action committees were created as a result of ______. The Democratic Party enjoyed a 20-percentage-point lead in party identification until the 1980s, with surveys reporting that Democratic identifiers were about 50% to 55% of the typical sample, while Republicans were about 30% to 35%. A similar sized gap exists among white Catholics. For many voters . B. union members, urbanites, and ethnic and religious minorities That represents a dramatic change from the end of the George W. Bush administration, when this group was about evenly divided in leaned party identification. C. middle-class, Catholic, minority, and urban voters While the gender gap in partisanship is long-standing, it has gradually expanded since 2014 and now stands at 14 points. 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA While inflation, government and the economy remain the top U.S. problems, 8% of Americans now mention abortion, the highest percentage mentioning that issue in Gallup's records. 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