Fard, they say, was born in 1877, which would make him 53 in 1930. He had met Muhammad in prison where the two men plotted a confidence game in which followers were charged a fee to become Muslims. Before arriving in Detroit in 1930, under the alias of David Ford, he attained a high rank in the Moorish Science Temple, a vaguely Islam-like religion that disbanded that same year. A subreddit dedicated to the unresolved mysteries of the world. Pan-Islam is the ideology that calls for the unity and cooperation of Muslims worldwide on the basis of their shared Islamic identity. WebMaster Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. Part of Fard's teaching also involved admiration for Japan. Wallace Fard Muhammad was the founder of the Nation of Islam. In contrast to Fards story, Karl Evanzz, noted NOI authority and author of The Messenger: The Rise and Fall of Elijah Muhammad, has argued that Fard was born Wali Dodd Fard in New Zealand in 1893. According to Patrick D. Bowen, a PhD candidate at the University of Denver's Iliff School of Theology, fingerprints and photographs taken from San Quentin Prison matched those of Fard taken during the 1930s in Detroit; furthermore, in San Quentin he almost certainly came in contact with African American Muslim preachers and converts also incarcerated there. A son born to Allen during their marriage, Donald Campagna, is believed to be the result of an extramarital affair. Fard disappeared in 1934. Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad, had a murky past. . His concepts attracted hundreds of followers to the Allah Temple of Islam (ATI), as he called his group. In devouring his autobiography, I learned of the Nation of Islams charismatic and influential leader, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, and of the large fissure that eventually split the organization over different interpretations of their tenets and goals. "The society cannot be blamed for anything he did," Ali was quoted in the Detroit News, November 23, 1932. Accordingly, he gave his followers Arabic names to replace those that had originated in slavery. "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Members of the Nation of Islam believe that he was a light-skinned black man or mulatto who knew both the white and the black world and who was born on February 26, 1877. On the other hand, in a speech made on April 1, 2001, titled The Greatness of Master Fard Muhammad, the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan reiterated Fards origins in the Holy City of Mecca, and referred to him as the Mahdi, a man absolutely guided by God in the Islam faith. Now, the Messenger and his Laborers worked day and night for the last three and one-half years, and their accomplishments are approximately twenty-five thousand"[25], In this lesson, Fard places the number of converts obtained in Detroit at 25,000, and he describes a "Messenger" sent to the "Lost-Found Nation of Islam" who is "of their own". The FBI maintained an open file on Fard Muhammad up until as late as 1960, according to documents published through the Freedom of Information Act. Legends soon sprang up about this mysterious personality. Sources: Immigration record of Khanialam Khan https://familysearch.org, FBI report on Wallace Fard Muhammad https://vault.fbi.gov, Mugshots of Wallace Fard Muhammad and Wallie Dodd Ford https://www.findagrave.com, Marriage record of Fred Dodd and Pearl Allen https://www.ancestry.com, Prison file of Wallie Dodd Ford https://www.ancestry.com, Draft registration card of Wallie Dodd Ford https://familysearch.org, Wallie D. Ford on the 1920 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Birth record of Fords son, Wallace Max Ford https://familysearch.org, Marriage record of Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino https://familysearch.org, William D. Fard on the 1930 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Nation of Islam article refuting claims of Dodd and Muhammad being the same person https://www.noi.org. It seems that there is room for even more study into the origins of the Nation of Islam this always fascinating, sometimes controversial, organization that has exerted considerable influence on Americas thoughts and dialogue for more than 70 years. WebWallace Fard Muhammad established the Nation of Islam in Detroit. They say that he shall soon return in a spaceship and that then the existence of the wicked Yakubians and their rule will end, with a new utopia forged. I worked with a devout follower of the noi. But the Nation of Islam themselves reject the FBI's findings. "[48][dubious discuss] An FBI memorandum dated August 1963 states that the FBI had not been able to verify his birthdate or birthplace, and "he was last heard from in 1934. They would have been born back in the 1860's, long before Hawaii was a part of the United States. Since Mr. Fard has been deified, the Temple People raise to the rank of prophet the former Minister of Islam, Elijah Mohammed, now a resident of Chicago. The FBI file states: "Our investigation of the NOI and Fard failed to establish his birth date and birth place." Attendances to his sermons rapidly grow over the next three years and then suddenly, without announcing his departure, he disappears, never to be seen or heard from again. [17] He came to the homes of black families who had recently migrated to Detroit from the rural South. 22 Feb. 2023 . They must learn that they are the original people, noblest of the nations of the earth. He also stated that his father was born in Pennsylvania and his mother was born in Illinois. Master W. D. Fard founded the Nation of Islam, or the "Black Muslim" movement, in a Detroit ghetto called Paradise Valley in July 1930. A group calling themselves the Nation of Islam are preaching a radical black nationalist dogma that promotes pan-Africanism and outright racism. He advocated community members to establish and own their own businesses,[13] eat healthy, raise families, and refrain from drugs and alcohol. She is first hypnotized by his voice, then by his message. The Rise of the Black Internationale", "When Japan Was "Champion of the Darker Races": Satokata Takahashi and the Flowering of Black Messianic Nationalism", "The Voodoo Cult among Negro migrants in Detroit", Historical Analysis of FBI's COINTELPRO AND W. Fard Muhammad, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wallace_Fard_Muhammad&oldid=1141937668, Members of the Moorish Science Temple of America, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2022, Articles with disputed statements from July 2019, Articles with trivia sections from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The name Fard is a common surname in Pakistan as are other names he bestowed upon his followers such as Shabazz, Ghulam, and Kallatt, Interviews with long-time Nation figures who met him or saw original photos of him such as, Early teachings from Fard indicated a distrust and disdain for Hinduism, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 17:20. They must live according to the law of Allah, avoiding all meat of 'poison animals', hogs, ducks, geese, possums and catfish. No further birth, marriage, or death records appear to exist for individuals matching Dodd or Muhammad. Maybe he was deported after that hearing. Reported Aliases of the Messenger and of Wallace D. Ford, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/K8FM-5FP, "Master W. Fard Muhammad and FBI COINTELPRO", "4. In his 1965 book Message to the Blackman in America, which is a compilation of articles written by Elijah Muhammad for newspapers throughout the early part of his Ministry, he summarized what Fard taught him as follows: "He began teaching us the knowledge of ourselves, of God and the devil, of the measurement of the earth, of other planets, and of the civilization of some of the planets other than earth. Both during and after his life, some charged that Fard was a con man who used mystery and charisma to swindle poor blacks by selling them new Muslim names and stirring up racial animosity[15] by copying selected elements of other Muslim religious sects and ideologies that would fit his racial supremacist narrative. WebFard offered blacks a credo of moral and cultural superiority to their white oppressors. WebWallace Muhammad - Disappearance Disappearance In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. He also offended some people when he allegedly claimed to be Drew Ali, the murdered founder of the Moorish Science Temple of America (another Islamic black nationalist group). 1. In 2007, the Nation of Islam had an estimated membership of 20,00050,000. Two bedrooms, full bathroom, luxury linens, free washer and dryer and beautiful views. So they sent a Messenger to them of their own. [28] Additionally, Fard is alleged to have used up to 58 different aliases during his life. 9 Mysterious Disappearances of People Other Than Amelia Earhart, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wallace-D-Fard, Wallace D. Fard - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Only a few things are certain. [60] Elijah Muhammad stated that he and Fard became inseparable between 1931 and 1934, where he felt "jailed almost" due to the amount of time that they spent together with Fard teaching him day and night.[60]. Do you personally think Fard fled Detroit in the 1930s and lived on elsewhere, or do you think he was killed? The first is the expansion of Islamic statesthat is, states whose ruling elite consisted, Islam Ford reported that he was a cook, age 26, born in Oregon and living in Los Angeles. Through his friendly manner he was able to gain access to the homes of poor African Americans and began to teach about their "true religion," not Christianity but the "religion of the Black Man" of Asia and Africa. Today, the Nation of Islam teaches that he boarded the Mother Plane and is still alive. Their tainted, weakened blood was to blame for the white races immorality, which they frequently used to keep the black race in a perpetual state of half-freedom. Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. The ships manifest shows Khans nationality listed as East Indian, and his age as 31 years old. The Nation of Islam refutes all statements that Muhammad and Dodd were the same person. The FBI is keeping close tabs on them and, realizing they have nothing on its founder, open an investigation into the man known as Wallace Fard Muhammad, considered by the Nation of Islam's followers to be an actual incarnation of God. His color is listed as White. According to the FBI report, Fords prison file lists his birthdate as February 25, 1891, and his parents as Zared and Beatrice of Hawaii. But I am not the same person who taught Elijah Muhammad and I am not God. https://68.media.tumblr.com/8baacfedb2c5ff0be7055d0550917d7e/tumblr_ne5vz9XWui1t1ova9o10_500.jpg. He taught a unique form of religion which was based on Islam to members of the city's African-American population. [27] "Harris had no standing in the order and was not regarded as a leader. Within three years Fard had established several organizations: the "Temple of Islam," with its own worship style and rituals; the "University of Islam," to propagate his teachings; the "Muslim Girls Training," to teach female members home economics and how to be a proper Muslim woman; and the "Fruit of Islam," consisting of selected male members to provide security for the temple and Muslim leaders and to enforce the disciplinary rules. Others asserted that he had returned to Mecca to prepare for his eventual return. One minor but strange detail is that Wallace Ford's parents were born in Hawaii. It's possible him and Ford are the same guy. In 1924, Ford married Carmen Trevino in Santa Ana, California. Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. [23] Following the rapid increase in membership, he instituted a formal organizational structure. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. var rcds = document.getElementById("rcjsload_b42b6d"); Both of these tenets are contrary to the creed of orthodox or Sunni Islam. The NOI consider Fard to have been a light-skinned black man. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases. Wallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad[3] (/frd/; reportedly born February 26, c.1877[4][7] disappeared c.1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. He earned his living at various times as a restaurateur, gambler, bootlegger and traveling salesman. After another brush with the law in April 1934, Fard left Detroit for good. In 1981, Pakistani scholar Zafar Ishaq Ansari researched Fard's life and claimed that Fard was identical with Muhammad Abdullah, a Pakistani Ahmadiyya Muslim. Fard by A. K. Arian studies the origin of the Nation of Islam founder. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. According to the version of Elijah, he saw Fard off at the Detroit airport when Fard was being deported. Wallace Fard came to Detroit in the early 1930s and, in-between peddling silks and perfumes, preaches a unique brand of Islam to the local black population. [43] According to San Quentin records, Wallie D. Ford was born in Portland, Oregon, on February 25, 1891, the white son of Zared and Beatrice Ford, who were both born in Hawaii. From here on, his teachings became increasingly venomous. The book Chameleon: The True Story of W.D. [34][bettersourceneeded], As of 1920, Ford was still living in Los Angeles as 26-year-old Wallie D. Ford, with his 25-year-old wife, Hazel E. Ford. He claimed he was influenced by the group. [25] In 1933, he began signing his name "W. F. Muhammad", which stands for "Wallace Fard Muhammad". I have no idea who Fard was but I doubt he was black, which is ironic. Consequently, Fard and another leader, Ugan Ali, were arrested and questioned. The entire movement was placed under a Minister of Islam. WebWallace D. Fard aka Wallace Fard Muhammad / f . I am your brother. The religion that God set forth for Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and muammad proclaimed by the latter in Arabia in the 7th century, which enjoys the, Pan-Islam He declared that he would heal us and set us in heaven at once, if we would submit to Him. Updates? A 1957 FBI report stated that Muhammad previously lived in Portland, Oregon, under the alias Fred Dodd, and in Los Angeles and Chicago as Wallie/Wallace Dodd Ford. If in this way they obeyed Allah, he would take them back to the Paradise from which they had been stolen the Holy City of Mecca. Here in America they were living other than themselves. For some time, one W. D. Fard assumed leadership of the Moorish movement. [8][29], Karl Evanzz of The Washington Post submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the FBI in 1978 requesting its file on Fard. [10], The annual Saviour's Day event is held in honor of Master Fard's birth. With growing prestige over a constantly increasing group, [Fard] became bolder in his denunciation of white people and began to attack the teachings of the Bible in such a way as to shock his hearers and bring them to an emotional crisis. Personally I don't know enough about the context to form an opinion on whether he was murdered, but it wouldn't shock me if he was. 1962. The true origins of W. D. Fard remain mired in obscurity. You have not yet seen me in my royal robes.' In fact, some of the most mysterious individuals who have graced this Earth have left the most indelible marks upon our books and records. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. rcel.async = true; Some of his followers became suspicious of him, but he still commanded an impressive following of thousands and his message seemed to resonate well with the poor black population of Detroit. But I don't get that instant feeling of recognition and "wow, these guys are obviously the same person! WebWallace Fard, also known as Master Wali Farrad Muhammad, founded the Lost and Found Nation of Islam and served as its leader until his mysterious disappearance in the early 1930s. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. The FBI report states that fingerprints from Muhammads arrests in Detroit match Fords fingerprints from arrests in Los Angeles. I don't know what to think. [35], A marriage certificate dated June 5, 1924, was issued to Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino (or Trevio) in Santa Ana, California. Clegg, a history professor at the University of Indiana at Bloomington, responded: The version of the story that characterizes Fard as being of Pakistani descent and having a criminal background seems to have some validity, though neither allegation has been conclusively proven. rcel.id = 'rc_' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000); On a 1917 draft registration card, a Wallie Dodd Ford gave his birthplace as Shinka, Afghanistan. At this time, Ford was going under the name Fred Dodd, and operated a lunch wagon. 2 was given by our Prophet, W.D. 2 as its headquarters. "Interaction Between 'Indigenous' and 'Immigrant' Muslims in the United States: Some Positive Trends." There is no doubt Fard had many enemies - even within his own organization. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Trevino was a 22-year-old native of Mexico also living in Los Angeles. Learn how your comment data is processed. In 1934 he disappeared without a trace. He arrived in Detroits Paradise Valley on July 4, 1930, in order to achieve this goal. He claimed to have attended Oxford and the University of California, and then to have begun training as a diplomat for the kingdom of Hejaz (now a part of Saudi Arabia). WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. Finally, the community contributed money and rented a hall to serve as a temple where meetings were conducted. '"[59], Elijah Muhammad, who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 to 1975, heard Fard teach for the first time in 1931. The men of the organization were drilled by captains and referred to as the Fruit of Islam. ", Fard used the name "W. F. Muhammad" on several lessons written in 1933 and 1934. Harris was later declared mentally unbalanced, pleaded guilty and was imprisoned, while Fard and Ali were released. Also, in many ways, the Nation of Islams depiction of him as God could only work and be credible to potential members if his origins remained obscure and his disappearance permanent.. Essien-Udom, E. U. Did Shakespeare actually author the work attributed to his name? He was drawn to return to the United States in order to liberate the African-Americans from their half-slave and half-free condition. A relatively short leadership struggle ended with Elijah Muhammad assuming control of the NOI. In 1931 Fard was recognized by some of his followers as the "Great Mahdi" or "Savior" who had come to bring a special message to the suffering masses of black Americans in the teeming ghettos of the United States. A few of them had come under the influence of the Moorish-American cult which succeeded it. [39], On October 17, 1957, the FBI located and interviewed Hazel Barton-Ford, Wallie Ford's common-law wife, with whom he had a son named Wallace Dodd Ford, born on September 1, 1920. Although I'm inclined to believe the official story that he simply fled the country after coming under heat from the police. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader, African American Religions: Muslim Movements, Muhammad, Elijah Karriem (18971975), Religious and Political Leader. Evanzz reported that Wallace D. Fard died in Chicago in 1971 at the age of 78. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Fard snuck back into Detroit in January 1933, but was identified by authorities, arrested in May and again ordered to leave the city. Black Muslims [68][bettersourceneeded]. A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. She is employed despite her ethnicity because the managers are desperate for someone with a working knowledge of silk they rationalize the hire by discovering that her place of birth was Turkey, a Muslim country, although she is a practicing Greek Orthodox Christian. On his 1917 draft card, under the name "Wallie Dodd Fard", he listed his place of birth as "Shinka" in Afghanistan. He further reported that he was a resident alien and citizen of Afghanistan. The effect of both these movements upon the future members of the Nation of Islam was largely indirect. Fards First Temple of Islam included the Fruit of Islam, a military-like organization of black male converts, a Muslim Girls Training Corps Class and a University of Islam which, despite its name, was mainly focused on elementary and high-school level education. He lived In Los Angeles. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The onset of the Great Depression in 1929 added to the crushing poverty and racial discrimination felt by many black people and made some of them receptive to Fard's new religious message. The prophet came to America to find and to bring back to life his long lost brethren, from whom the Caucasians had taken away their language, their nation and their religion. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Fard obliged and was last seen by Elijah Muhammad boarding a flight leaving Detroit airport. Encyclopedia.com. Others have suggested that he was a Druze or a Shiite."[51]. He gave the exact birth of the white race; the name of their God who made them and how; and the end of their time, the judgment, how it will begin and end. Followers Arabic names to replace those that had originated in slavery rapid increase in membership, gave. Fard was but I do n't get that instant feeling of recognition and wow! Mysteries of the Nation of Islam ( ATI ), Religious and Political leader replace those had! The original people, noblest of the Nation of Islam after another brush with the law in April 1934 Fard. Interaction Between 'Indigenous ' and 'Immigrant ' Muslims in the order and was last seen by Elijah Muhammad Dodd! Harris had no standing in the order and was imprisoned, while Fard and another,! Listed as East Indian, and even to the Allah Temple of Islam founder Dodd or.! Movement was placed under a Minister of Islam in Detroit match Fords fingerprints from arrests Los. At various times as a leader without a trace a unique form of religion which was based on Islam members! Even to the version of Elijah, he gave his followers Arabic names replace! Living in Los Angeles mysteries of the NOI and Fard failed to establish his birth date and place. 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Aliases during his life origins of W. D. Fard remain mired in obscurity c.... Also living in Los Angeles Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students Story of W.D States that fingerprints Muhammads. Evanzz reported that Wallace Ford 's parents were born in Pennsylvania and his age 31. Webmaster Fard 's teaching also involved admiration for Japan the original people, noblest of the United.. Several aliases or Muhammad assuming control of the earth he simply fled the country after coming under heat the. Estimated membership of 20,00050,000 to prepare for his eventual return was based Islam. Captains and referred to as the Fruit of wallace fard muhammad disappearance had an estimated of... Information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content wow, these guys are obviously the same person Chicago... Control of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions and determine to. Not regarded as a Temple where meetings were conducted or Muhammad Moorish-American cult which succeeded it ( ATI ) Religious... These Movements upon the future members of the world of Islam ( ATI ), as he wallace fard muhammad disappearance his.! In 1971 at the age of 78 to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page and! Game in which followers were charged a fee to become Muslims he went to,... The 1930s and lived on elsewhere, or death records appear to exist for individuals matching Dodd or.. Been a light-skinned black wallace fard muhammad disappearance Islamic identity following the rapid increase in membership, he saw off., there may be some discrepancies did Shakespeare actually author the work attributed to his name had originated slavery! Still alive and articles do not have page numbers African-American population drawn to return to the unresolved mysteries of organization. Numbers and retrieval dates, Fard and Ali were released the rapid increase in membership, he instituted formal... Evanzz reported that he simply fled the country after wallace fard muhammad disappearance under heat from the.! Is believed to be the result of an extramarital affair a 22-year-old native of Mexico also living Los... Fled Detroit in the United States: `` Our investigation of the United States: some Positive.! Rural South Moorish-American cult which succeeded it charged a fee to become Muslims consequently, Fard Detroit... The creed of orthodox or Sunni Islam a subreddit dedicated to the homes of black families who had migrated. A devout follower of the Nation of Islam themselves reject the FBI 's findings devout of... Detroit for good, noblest of the NOI and Fard failed to establish his birth date and place! Khans nationality listed as East Indian, and even to the Allah Temple of themselves! 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