Magnetic: Since most meteorites contain metallic iron, a magnet will often stick to them. This wouldnt be considered slag glass in the strict traditional definition, but many collectors will still use the term to refer to any marbled, opaque, pressed glass pieces. Slag Glass is an industrial waste product that can look surprisingly similar to obsidian, a volcanic glass. Steel slag is the main by-product of steelmaking, and its stacking and burying cause serious pollution to soil and water. Two other common characteristics of slags are that they are glassy (vitreous) and contain of vesicles (gas bubbles). It's formed by heating ores (rock) to high temperatures. This is because the top manufacturers of the day often did leave any identifying brand marks on the fixtures. Slag glass is often used as a catch-all term for any type of pressed glass that is opaque and colorful, but not all glass that fits this description is true slag glass. She has also managed an online antiques community. Discerning Victorian consumers resisted purchasing marbleized glass in some cases and preferred more decorative elements in crystal. [17][18] Across these CCS methods, slags can be transformed into precipitated calcium carbonates to be used in the plastic, and concrete industries and leached for metals to be used in the electronic industries. Pelletized slag is generally used for lightweight aggregate but can be ground into material similar to GGBFS. 21. I'm Stacy Jones and I love antiques! or Best Offer. Doing so would both offset the cost of restoring abandoned mine areas, as well as decrease steel manufacturers current waste footprint. Slag is usually a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide; however, slags can contain metal sulfides and elemental metals. Produced by Hocking Glass Company around 1929 to 1933, this green glass cup is a common find. Antique Answers was started to provide answers to my own questions, which will hopefully become a great resource for others interested in their own vintage heirlooms. Heavy iron meteorites are frequently solid, dark-grey in color. Although the construction industry does use some slag as an aggregate, most is simply discarded. Slag glass is also sometimes used to refer to marbled glass pieces that didnt technically use slag as an additive. Pamela Wiggins is a highly regarded antique and collectible costume jewelry expert and appraiser. Lampshades and chandeliers were commonly produced out of slag glass. Instead of slag, they mixed purple glass with a white-colored glass that did not contain any iron slag. [5], Slags can serve other purposes, such as assisting in the temperature control of the smelting, and minimizing any re-oxidation of the final liquid metal product before the molten metal is removed from the furnace and used to make solid metal. Slag glass, also commonly known as Malachite glass, is pressed glass made in the same way as Milk glass, but with coloured streaks to create a marble effect. Antique Purple and White Slag Glass Cake Stand, Antique EF Industries Green Slag Glass Table Lamp. I use the term here to also include any man-made, rock-like by-product of heating things to high temperature. Telling slag glass apart from other styles is actually quite simple. The World Steel Association (WSA) estimates that 600 kg of by-products (about 90 wt% is slags) are generated per tonne of steel produced. My grandmother was born in 1923 and like many people who grew up in the depression, she never got rid of anything. During the process of smelting iron, ferrous slag is created, but dominated by calcium and silicon compositions. Steel Slag Rock Cost. Have you ever wondered what someone meant by slag glass? "Meteorites are rarer than gold, platinum, diamonds or emeralds. $210.16 Slag Glass Urn Vase Akro Orange and White TheGoldBunny (37) $10.00 Holey Rocks And Slag Glass From Michigan, Raw Rugged Beach Stones Lot MotherNaturesStash (848) $23.00 MEDIUM Welsh Blue Iron Slag Stone (250g bag) WalesOrigin (12) $14.86 Northern Blue, sky blue, green, and white slag glass remnants Roughrocksandglass $14.99 FREE shipping These easily sell for thousands when in excellent condition, with Tiffany being the top of the line, of course. Slag glass is no longer produced as it once was. Slag glass was extremely popular when used to create lampshades. I have found sea slag glass that is black, brown, grey, green, yellow, blue and any of those shades in between. (817) 251-1668. It's a human-made rock, but it's not a new technique. For example, manufacturers also made slag glass by mixing metal oxides with enamel glass. When I am able to send you pictures, I would like to know your opinion on what it is and how old it might be. Challinor, Taylor, and Co. also made their own version of this type of glass around the same time. Jeannette Glassware, originally Jeannette Bottle Works, was founded in 1888. A vintage glass appraiser can help you navigate the valuation of slag glass. These lamps and lampshades were not only prized for their beauty but also the colored and marbled effect of the lights on the walls of a home. This was probably the most prolific manufacturer of slag glass in the United States. Vintage slag glass is most commonly found in brown or purple colors with white streaks, but you can also find plenty of green and blue as well. (Video) Collecting 101: Slag Glass! She co-founded the Costume Jewelry Collectors International, a global educational website. [21] To this end, some have proposed performing a series of experiments testing the reactivity of a specific slag material (i.e., dissolution) or utilizing the topological constraint theory (TCT) to account for its complex chemical network. These items became so popular that slag glass made its way across the ocean and become common in American homes as well. Actual prices per ton ranged in 2019 from a few cents for some steel slags at a few locations to about $120 or more for some GGBFS. Sources/Usage: Some content may have restrictions. The modern pieces with new colors are considered less valuable than the classic brown and purple, but they certainly look incredible. [5], Based on a case study at the Hopewell National Historical Site in Berks and Chester counties, Pennsylvania, USA, ferrous slag usually contains lower concentration of various types of trace elements than non-ferrous slag. As a co-product of steelmaking, slag is typically produced either through the blast furnace - oxygen converter route or the electric arc furnace - ladle furnace route. The marbling was traditionally produced using "slag" from iron smelting. SOLD FEB 14, 2023. GGBFS react with portlandite (Ca(OH)2), which is formed during cement hydration, via the pozzolanic reaction to produce cementitious properties that primarily contribute to the later strength gain of concrete. However, slags can contain metal sulfides and elemental metals. Ferrous slags are produced in different stages of the iron and steelmaking processes resulting in varying physiochemical properties. If there are other, brightly-colored crystals or grains in the rock, it is probably not a meteorite, but many slag products do contain a variety of bright-colored crystals and fragments. For the British slang term for a promiscuous woman, see, "Characteristics and environmental aspects of slag: A review", "Iron and Steel Statistics and Information", "worldsteel | Steel industry co-products position paper", "10 - Properties of SCC with industrial by-products as aggregates", "The chemical composition of glass in Ancient Egypt by Mikey Brass (1999)", "4 - Application of blast furnace slag in civil engineering: Worldwide studies", "The long-term accelerated expansion of various ladle-furnace basic slags and their soil-stabilization applications", "CHAPTER 7:Diverse Applications of Slags in the Construction Industry", "High Performance Cement for High Strength and Extreme Durability by Konstantin Sobolev", "Autojen jakohihnojen rikkoutumisen taustalla ferrokromikuonan eli OKTO-murskeen aiheuttama kuluminen", "CHAPTER 8:Environmental Applications of Slag", "Production, characterisation, utilisation, and beneficial soil application of steel slag: A review", "Effective CO2-specific sequestration capacity of steel slags and variability in their leaching behaviour in view of industrial mineral carbonation", "Mineralization of Carbon Dioxide: A Literature Review", "A review on steel slag valorisation via mineral carbonation", "A Review of the Influence of Steel Furnace Slag Type on the Properties of Cementitious Composites", "Some Effects of Carbon Dioxide on Mortars and Concrete", "Controls on CO2 Mineralization Using Natural and Industrial Alkaline Solids under Ambient Conditions", "CHAPTER 6:Environmental Impact of Slag Particulates", "CHAPTER 5:Slag Leaching Properties and Release of Contaminants", "Geochemistry of Extremely Alkaline (pH > 12) Ground Water in Slag-Fill Aquifers", "Direct CO2 emissions in the iron and steel sector by scenario, 2019-2050 Charts Data & Statistics", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slag&oldid=1141642075, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 02:13. Below we will teach you to have to identify slag glass and give you a greater understanding of its value. [1] Broadly, it can be classified as ferrous (by-products of processing iron and steel), ferroalloy (by-product of ferroalloy production) or non-ferrous/base metals (by-products of recovering non-ferrous materials like copper, nickel, zinc and phosphorus). It should not have white streaks mixed into the color, nor should it be one solid color. Slag glass is commonly found in purple, less common in blue and brown and green. It will always be an opaque color with lots of white or creamy colored swirling. Featured Refinements: Slag Glass Rock - Remove Filter; Featured Refinements. Despite its rarity, you can still find slag glass items in modern homes. The consistent yet subtle pattern gives Slate Grey-N added character to an otherwise plain background. Some of the most costly slag glass pieces take the form of lampshades by well-known makers like Handel, Bradley Hubbard, and Tiffany. However, slag could be used to treat acid soils or acid mine drainage. When the slag cools slowly, it can also contain crystallized minerals, such as enstatite, augite, wollastonite, olivine, pyroxene, and melilite. Was: $16.90. Slag glass is a term used to describe a type of colored pressed opaque glass made using the "slag" left over during the iron smelting process. Thus, clinkers are a form of slag. Looking at the coloring of the piece can be a good start to figuring out if the piece is vintage or modern. Slag is the byproduct of steel production. 2002-2023 LoveToKnow Media. Another early slag glass was the purple malachite glass by Sowerby, which was sold in the United States under the name "blackberries and cream." One item where slag glass was used often was in the creation of antique oil lamps, chandeliers and lampshades, particularly during the Art Deco and Art Nouveau periods during the late 19th and early 20th century. The unique coloring and pattern make it perfect for statement decorations. A mark for Sowerby, Davidson, or Greeners will indicate a vintage U.K. piece while a mark from Challinor Taylor and Co., Akro Agate, Westmoreland, or Northwood Glass Company indicates vintage U.S. glass. Welcome to Costa Sea Glass, the home of Spanish Sea Glass. True slag glass is marbled and has a variety of bright colors. But as our recent research shows, the high calcium content of slag can actually neutralize the acid from acid mine drainage, much like the antacid you take for indigestion after a big meal. Utilization of slags in the construction industry dates back to the 1800s, where BF slags were used to build roads, and railroad ballast. Manufacturers experimented with different methods to achieve this malachite-like look. These beautiful old light fixtures can also be incredibly valuable, so knowing how to spot a, Collector Marbles: A Basic Guide to Types and Values. Telling the difference between streaks achieved by adding slag versus mixing in white-colored glass is a fairly difficult task best done by professional vintage glass evaluators. The white marbling pattern on slag glass is a dead giveaway. Buying Format. If you see a swirled piece in another color, like red or orange, it was made many decades after the first Victorian pieces of true slag glass. It is important that you can recognize the authenticity of the item you are looking to buy. As with many other types of vintage glassware, the slag glass technique can be found in all sorts of different pieces, decorative or functional. Challinor Taylor and Co. was an early U.S. producer of slag glass and created slag glassware in higher quantities than most other glass manufacturers. Top Rated Plus. What is it called when you wake up during surgery but can't move? Challinor Taylor & Co. was one of the most prominent American Slag glass manufacturers. It may also have higher free CaO and MgO content, which are often converted to its hydrated forms if excessive volume expansions are not desired. For Sale: 2 beds, 1 bath 1073 sq. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. If the base color is brown, purple, blue, or green theres a decent chance that it is a vintage make. What is the safest antacid to take long-term? Parsons' studies identify dissolution of the glassy material in the slag as the major source of potentially toxic metals released to the environment. If a lamp has brown malachite colors it can easily sell for around 1000 dollars. Clinker is a glassy rock that often is found near these old foundries, a byproduct of burning coal. Humans have been creating it since the late bronze age (1500 - 1000 BCE). Phosphate is an important nutrient for plants and is a key ingredient in most fertilizers. Mar 18, 2020 6367. Slate Grey-N is a dark, warm-toned, charcoal grey quartz that has tiny white flecks throughout the slab color. Is slag glass natural? A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Challinor would instead combine two colors of molten glass. Signed slag glass tends to be worth more than unmarked slag glass. They have a nice variety of colors & you could reuse the glass jars for another project. As molten iron cools, a silicate slag forms on top of it. Anyone will have a pretty good idea of what youre talking about if you say marble glass even if they arent interested in collecting. $59.99 + $21.56 shipping. Finally, iron meteorites are strongly magnetic and slag is not. Slag glass is an unfortunate name for glass, often beautifully coloured, that is a by-product of metal ore smelting processes. In many smelting processes, oxides are introduced to control the slag chemistry, assisting in the removal of impurities and protecting the furnace refractory lining from excessive wear. Two glassmakers in Pennsylvania, Harry Northwood and Thomas Dugan, were the first to imitate slag glass by mixing two colors of glass together and forgoing the actual slag in 1902. Older pieces will be heavily marbled and quite chunky. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Not all glass pieces are clearly marked. During the fluxing process, slag removes the non-ferrous constituents from the molten iron, which purifies the product. Introduction: My name is Dr. Pierre Goyette, I am a enchanting, powerful, jolly, rich, graceful, colorful, zany person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you. Modern day slag glass manufacturers in the U.S. include Fenton, Mosser, Summit and Boyd Glass. Hi, I live in Israel and found two pieces of sea glass today that might be slag. The company, based in Jeannette, Pennsylvania, rebranded in 1898 and took on the name Jeannette Glassware. Slag glass has something that cannot be found in imperial glass, uranium glass, milk glass, depression glass, carnival glass, or any other type of vintage collectors glassware. The marbling should be a creamy white color that is evenly mixed into the base color. Moving into the early 1900s, manufacturers used other methods to make pieces that fall into the slag glass category. The value has generally held steady around $5 for a single cup for a few decades. For example, simple things like a bowl sold for around $20 apiece. If the glassware is marked by the manufacturer, you can use that to reverse search information about your piece. 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