what inherited disease did lorenzo de' medici havewhat inherited disease did lorenzo de' medici have

In declining health for some three years, Lorenzo died on April 9, 1492, at age 43. Andr Chastel, Art et Humanisme Florence au temps de Laurent le Magnifique (Paris, 1959). Senile ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine. Lorenzo's agents retrieved from the East large numbers of classical works, and he employed a large workshop to copy his books and disseminate their content across Europe. Lorenzo de' Medici, who was the son of Ferdinand I, suffered of epilepsy (ASF, Mediceo del Principato 908. (The Pazzis succeeded in murdering Giuliano, but Lorenzo survived the attack, thus the conspirators' plan to replace the Medicis as de facto rulers of Florence failed). Rheumatol. MB), Help with The Medici produced four popes of the Catholic ChurchPope Leo X (15131521), Pope Clement VII (15231534), Pope Pius IV (15591565) and Pope Leo XI (1605)and two queens of FranceCatherine de Medici (15471559) and Marie de Medici (16001610). The Medici Project first anthropological and paleopathological results of the exploration of the Medici tombs in Florence. The story reminds us of Lorenzo the Magnificent (Italian: Lorenzo il Magnifico, 14491492) as the greatest of the Medici. The show covers the exile of Cosimo at the hands of the Albizzi family. The gout of the Medici, Grand Dukes of Florence: a paleopathological study. The Medicis invented banking conventions that still exist. Patrilineal descendants today: 0; Total descendants today: about 40,000. Cosimo de' Medici was the patron of many artists and architects, including . Lorenzo married in 1416 at the age of 21 with Ginevra di Giovanni di Amerigo dei Cavalcanti. [18], Lorenzo, like his grandfather, father, and son, ruled Florence indirectly through surrogates in the city councils by means of payoffs and strategic marriages until 1490. [27] When they realized the value of the alum mine, the people of Volterra wanted its revenues for their municipal funds rather than having it enter the pockets of their Florentine backers. Lorenzo was also known as a refined poet and writer. Cosimo di Medicis arthritis. In 1523, after serving four years as ruler of Florence, Giulio ascended to the papacy as Pope Clement VII.[37]. 8600 Rockville Pike As the Medici pursued the conspirators including Francesco Salviati, archbishop of Pisa the pope moved against the Medici. The Pazzi Conspiracy threatened to destabilise the entire Italian peninsula, which had been at an uneasy peace for the best part of two decades following the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453. Lorenzo de' Medici (also known as the Elder), was the younger brother of Cosimo. May 25, 2004: an international team of historians, paleopathologists, anthropologists and archaeologists descended upon the church of San Lorenzo, in Florence, officially starting the Medici Project, a paleopathological and historico-medical study, whose aim is to reconstruct the habits, diseases and causes of death of the Medici Family, who are buried in the Medici Chapels . The family's roots supposedly are linked to one of Charlemagne's eighth-century knights, named Averardo. At his bedside were Michelangelo Buonarroti and the Dominican monk Girolamo Savonarola, who administered the last rites. [12] He carried a banner painted by Verrocchio, and his horse was named Morello di Vento. In the brief, five-year period of his rule, Piero commissioned a spectacular fresco series from Benozzo Gozzoli for the chapel of the family palazzo, showing the procession of the Magi. Six months later Christopher Columbus was to reach the New World. Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Associazione Culturale "Clarice Orsini" - Monterotondo (Italy), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clarice_Orsini&oldid=1128541546, 15th-century people of the Republic of Florence, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Jacopo Orsini, Lord of Monterotondo and Bracciano, 16. In 1471, Lorenzo calculated that his family had spent some 663,000 florins (about US$460million today) on charity, buildings and taxes since 1434. Epub 2014 Mar 7. 43years (14491492) The .gov means its official. Among the Medici, the great banking family that counted popes among its clients and came to be de facto rulers (and later dukes) of Florence, one name tends to loom large over all others: Lorenzo the Magnificent. But all their wealth could not buy good health for their young sons and daughters. However, the insidious course and slow progression of the disease is also diagnosed by analysis of photographs of the patient's head. The Medicis (yes, those Medicis) are back, and starting a challenger bank. [21], On Sunday, 26 April 1478, in an incident known as the Pazzi conspiracy, a group headed by Girolamo Riario, Francesco de' Pazzi, and Francesco Salviati (the archbishop of Pisa), attacked Lorenzo and his brother and co-ruler Giuliano in the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in an attempt to seize control of the Florentine government. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The Medici Bank (Italian: Banco dei Medici [bako dei mditi]) was a financial institution created by the Medici family in Italy during the 15th century (13971494).Medici Bank. The truth is just as dramatic as the fiction. Disclaimer. Lorenzo de' Medici (1449-1492) was one of the most influential political figures of the Italian Renaissance. Get 6 issues for 19.99 and receive a 10 gift card* PLUS free access to HistoryExtra.com, Save 70% on the shop price when you subscribe today - Get 13 issues for just $49.99 + FREE access to HistoryExtra.com, Lorenzo de' Medici, the Magnificent: the astounding life of the delightful tyrant of Florence, Holy smoke, antipopes and power struggles: a guide to popes and the papacy, Leonardo & Michelangelo: rivalry and inspiration. Clarice and Lorenzo had 10 children, all except Contessina Antonia born in Florence: Lorenzo adopted his nephew Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici (14781534), the illegitimate son of his slain brother Giuliano. Studio antropologico-storico. The rise and fall of the house of Medici, Penguin Books, 1974. Although it was painted some fifty years after Cosimos death, it clearly showed a curvature of the spine and swelling of the joints of the wrist suggestive of ankylosing spondylitis.4 More recently, however, investigators have found (in the skeletons of Cosimo the Elder, Cosimo I, and Ferdinand I) evidence of another disease, Forestiers disease or diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (abbreviated as DISH).5-7. Book In a letter to Pope Innocent VIII he wrote that he dearly missed his late wife. [15] In 1478, he wanted to teach the children humanism, Latin, and Greek, but Clarice insisted on their lessons being more religious, and being delivered in Italian. He died on April 9, 1492, from an inherited disease that degenerated into an infection causing gangrene of the leg. Lorenzo was the first of the Medici to marry out of Florence, to Clarice Orsini, a member of an important Roman baronial family. Reumatismo. What did Lorenzo Medici die off? Radiological findings are compared with macro- and microscopical descriptions in the diagnosis of the peripheral joint disease and spinal ankylosis/stenosis within the syndrome. In their splendid palaces the Medici undoubtedly enjoyed a rich fare, and may well have been exposed to some wine or food or even contaminated water (such as from lead pipes) causing their painful gout. Michelangelo lived with Lorenzo and his family for three years, dining at the family table and participating in discussions led by Marsilio Ficino. You will then receive an email that contains a secure link for resetting your password, If the address matches a valid account an email will be sent to __email__ with instructions for resetting your password. The historical significance of the Medici family of Florence is widely recognised, but the diseases which afflicted leading members of this family have only been scientifically studied in recent . Giovanni is one of five sons of a poor widow. Klippel-Feil's Syndrome and Pott's disease in Cardinal Carlo de Medici (1595-1666) Clin. The Pazzi conspiracy in 1478 came as a rude shock to a carefree city. That success enabled Lorenzo to secure constitutional changes within the government of the Florentine Republic that further enhanced his own power. [11] Niccol Machiavelli also wrote of the occasion, perhaps sarcastically, that he won "not by way of favour, but by his own valour and skill in arms". Rich and resplendent, first in banking and in the wool trade, it even issued its own currency, the golden florin, widely used throughout Europe. The site is secure. Clarice Orsini. Lorenzo's letter to his son on his appointment gives an insight into his expectation that Giovanni should live modestly: Your taste will be better shown in the acquisition of a few elegant remains of antiquity, or in the collecting of handsome books, and by your attendants being learned and well-bred rather than numerous. And while the new cardinal should aim at being a good ecclesiastic, he should not find it difficult to favour your family and your native place, though of course he should always prefer the interests of the Church. Patronage. Lorenzo's court included artists such as Piero and Antonio del Pollaiuolo, Andrea del Verrocchio, Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Michelangelo Buonarroti, who were instrumental in achieving the 15th-century Renaissance. The Medici were a powerful and influential Florentine family from the 13th to 17th century. The evidence from pathology. The curtains closed on almost 300 years of Medici rule in Florence with the death of Gian Gastone de Medici, the seventh family member to serve as grand duke of Tuscany. In 1469, aged 20, he won first prize in a jousting tournament sponsored by the Medici. He himself contributed more than anyone to the flowering of Florentine genius during the second half of the 15th century. He contented himself with creating a Council of Seventy that he hoped would be even more manageable than the old Cento (Hundred). The latter holds the two monumental tombs of Lorenzo and Giuliano's less known namesakes: Lorenzo, Duke of Urbino, and Giuliano, Duke of Nemours. Pope John XII (955964), who gave land to a mistress, murdered several people, and was killed by a man who caught him in bed with his wife. Clarice Orsini (1453-1488) [1] was the daughter of Iacopo Orsini, and his wife and cousin Maddalena Orsini both from the Orsini family, a great Roman noble house [2] and was the wife of Lorenzo de' Medici . Sixtus sacked the Medici Bank and looked to alternative lenders, including the Pazzi family. We are thus left to conclude, putting together the clinical stories and the recent evidence from what has been called paleopathology,1,9 that the Medici suffered from at least three different joint diseases, some possibly related, some perhaps merely coexisting in the same person.9 And quite likely the last word on this interesting subject has not yet been written. Prominent diseases in Medici family members Is the Netflix series Medici historically accurate? Originally this was said to be gout. Lorenzo de' Medici (144992), also known as the Magnificent, was a statesman, patron of arts, and a key supporter of the Renaissance, a cultural movement in Italy that spread throughout Europe, marking the beginning of the Early Modern Age (from the 14th to the 17th century). seems to have been a family disease among the Medici, as attested by the nickname "the Gouty" attributed to Piero (1416-1469). New interpretations of the skeletal disease(s) of the Medici family. His sister, Anna Maria Luisa, was the last of the Medici family, herself childless, and the great dynasty of the family came to an end. The crowd stood by the Medici, seized the conspirators, and tore them limb from limb. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Palazzo Pitti. But these six cases presented here illustrate the involvement of the knee joint where the joint destruction. Is Medici Season 3 historically accurate? At his bedside were Michelangelo Buonarroti and the Dominican monk Girolamo Savonarola, who administered the last rites. The rumour that Savonarola damned Lorenzo on his deathbed has been refuted in Roberto Ridolfi's book Vita di Girolamo Savonarola. Maddalena lived in Rome after the election of her brother Giovanni as Pope Leo X in 1513. What happened to Lorenzo Medici daughter? Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. He also was the leader of the Florence merchants. He continued the Medici patronage of ecclesiastical institutions. At his death, the Medici were not only one of the richest families in Florence, they were, according to Christopher Hibbert, in The Rise and Fall of the House of Medici (1974), the most profitable family business in the whole of Europe. First the Roman Curia in 1462, and then Lorenzo and the Medici Bank less than a year later, got involved in backing the mining operation, with the pope taking a two-ducat commission for each cantar quintal of alum retrieved and ensuring a monopoly against the Turkish-derived goods by prohibiting trade in alum with infidels. Fornaciari G, Vitiello A, Giusiani S, Giuffra V, Fornaciari A, Villari N. Neurol Sci. 1. On the recommendation of Pico della Mirandola, Lorenzo permitted the Dominican monk Girolamo Savonarola to preach at San Marco in 1490. Children: 10, including Francis II of France; Charles IX of France; Henry III of France; Margaret of Valois and Francis . [40] Many signs and portents were claimed to have taken place at the moment of his death, including the dome of Florence Cathedral being struck by lightning, ghosts appearing, and the lions kept at Via Leone fighting one another.[41]. He died on April 9, 1492, from an inherited disease that degenerated into an infection causing gangrene of the leg. EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. This amazed Europe, for he had all the attributes of a true sovereign. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31339-9, We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2009; 27: 594-602. Together, they have tens of thousands of living descendants today, including all of the Roman Catholic royal families of Europebut they are not patrilineal Medici. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Although the diseases of the males in the family are better known, the illnesses of the Medici women have been less studied. If you hear Lorenzo blaming himself for not being present at the death of his wife, excuse him. The Medicis invented banking conventions that still exist. [7] Lorenzo's father, Piero di Cosimo de' Medici, was equally at the centre of Florentine civic life, chiefly as an art patron and collector, while Lorenzo's uncle, Giovanni di Cosimo de' Medici, took care of the family's business interests. They appear to have suffered an inherited disorder called the Medici Syndrome which caused an ankylotic spinal stenosis, an erythematous skin disorder and recurrent peripheral joint disease. [42], Lorenzo was buried with his brother Giuliano in the Church of San Lorenzo in the red porphyry sarcophagus designed for Piero and Giovanni de' Medici, not, as might be expected, in the New Sacristy, designed by Michelangelo. Giordano Orsini, Lord of Monterotondo, 8. Legend says the dynasty descended from a giant-slaying knight. Born on 1 January 1449 to Piero de Medici and Lucrezia Tornabuoni, he would become one of greatest figures of the Renaissance a masterful politician and diplomat. Interestingly, urate deposits were found only in the skeleton of Ferdinand I, but this by no means excludes clinical gout in the others. After only two years in power, he was forced out of the city in 1494, and died in exile. Medici drama series successfully ended with 3 seasons. These men had made their money from trade and industry but were not titled lords. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. Who was Pontormo's Halberdier? This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 08:15. Originally this was said to be gout. Comment on: The gout of the Medici, Grand dukes Of Florence: a paleopathological study. A portion of Lorenzo's legacy, however, lay in the future. To be sure, Lorenzo remained a simple citizen, and yet he was called the Magnificent. In Italy during this period, this was a title of commonplace obsequiousness used in addressing the great; but it was Lorenzo who raised it to its current high stature. Lorenzo hurried to Volterra to make amends, but the incident would remain a dark stain on his record.[28][29]. Late in Lorenzo's life the young Michelangelo (born in 1475) joined the group of artists who met in the sculpture garden of the Palazzo Medici, where they were able to study Lorenzo's collection of art and antiquities. The truth is just as dramatic as the fiction. He had the traditional training of a 'Renaissance man' in the humanities and arts, from tutors including the leading philosopher Marsilio Ficino. Page 250. Lorenzo is remembered as The Magnificent for his political astuteness as well as his artistic skills. [13][14], Piero sent Lorenzo on many important diplomatic missions when he was still a youth, including trips to Rome to meet the pope and other important religious and political figures. The Signoria and councils of Florence issued a decree: Whereas the foremost man of all this city, the lately deceased Lorenzo de' Medici, did, during his whole life, neglect no opportunity of protecting, increasing, adorning and raising this city, but was always ready with counsel, authority and painstaking, in thought and deed; shrank from neither trouble nor danger for the good of the state and its freedom.. it has seemed good to the Senate and people of Florence. to establish a public testimonial of gratitude to the memory of such a man, in order that virtue might not be unhonoured among Florentines, and that, in days to come, other citizens may be incited to serve the commonwealth with might and wisdom. 3. [8] She became her son's advisor after the deaths of his father and uncle. If you don't remember your password, you can reset it by entering your email address and clicking the Reset Password button. Often looked down upon by the traditional ruling class, they could point to the role of their Medici forerunners as patrons of some of the west's greatest artists. The senior branch of the Medici family was that of Lorenzo the Magnificent . They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Thus, step by step, the Medici were approaching the status that they continued to refuse. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. There was, however, one difference between Lorenzo and titled kings, who are able to live in pomp and ceremony even when their treasury is empty. How old was Lorenzo de Medici when he died? The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). [16] The content of Lorenzo's letter to the Pope is the following: The death of my dearest and sweetest wife Clarice, that recently happened to me, it is of so much damage, prejudice, and pain for infinite reasons, that it has overcome my patience and resistance to the troubles and persecutions of fate, for which I did not think that I would be so affected. Catherine de' Medici (daughter of Lorenzo, Duke of Urbino and great-granddaughter of Lorenzo the Magnificent) married into the French monarchy at just 14 years old in 1533. The last Medici ruler died without a male heir in 1737, ending the family dynasty after almost three centuries. The disease may also affect the neck and lower back, and sometimes the shoulders, elbows, knees, and heels, and there may also be radiographic evidence of thickening of the skull. But much light has been thrown on this subject beginning in 1945, when four generations of the Medici were exhumed from their family chapel in the Church of San Lorenzo, making it possible to study at least fifteen skeletons.2. Adnotationes et monumenta ad Laurentii Medicis Magnifici vitam pertinentia. Mnchen 2005, S. 250. The "gout of the Medici": making the modern diagnosis using paleopathology. In 1471 the popular assemblies lost their financial powers. [19], Thereafter, Lorenzo, like his grandfather Cosimo de' Medici, pursued a policy of maintaining peace, balancing power between the northern Italian states and keeping major European states such as France and the Holy Roman Empire out of Italy. The evolution of the Medici portraits: from business to politics. [10] Nevertheless, sources and letters suggest that there was a great deal of affection and respect between her and Lorenzo. He died two years before the outbreak of war and the exile of the Medici. Lorenzo the Magnificent Did Cosimo Medici leave his wife in Florence? 2022 - 2023 Times Mojo - All Rights Reserved [39] Savonarola visited Lorenzo on his deathbed. Palazzo Medici Riccardi was built in the 15th century by Michelozzo for Cosimo the Elder and is the place where the Medici family began to consolidate their power in Florence. Described in 1950, DISH is characterized by calcification or ossification of the ligaments attached to the spine. Suspiciously, that is also the year the Borgias rose to power in Rome. Ingeborg Walter: Der Prchtige Lorenzo de Medici und seine Zeit. The story reminds us of Lorenzo the Magnificent (Italian: Lorenzo il Magnifico, 14491492) as the greatest of the Medici. Her latest book is The Beauty and the Terror: An Alternative History of the Italian Renaissance (Bodley Head, 2020). The content on this site is intended for healthcare professionals. The latest U.S. challenger bank has a unique origin: the powerful Medici family, which ruled Florence and Tuscany for more than two centuries and founded a bank in 1397. [38], Lorenzo died during the late night of 8 April 1492, at the longtime family villa of Careggi. The series does take some liberties with historical accuracy, mixing important events such as Riario death and bringing in a character with little historical reference (Tomasso). Would you like email updates of new search results? When his son Giovanni was 13, Lorenzo obtained a cardinals hat for him from Innocent VIII. Verify and edit content received from contributors tutors including the leading philosopher Marsilio Ficino business to politics had the training... But these six cases presented here illustrate the involvement of the knee joint where the destruction. S ) of the Florentine Republic that further enhanced his own power & # ;! Neurol Sci of war and the Terror: an alternative History of patient... Recommendation of Pico della Mirandola, Lorenzo died during the second half of the Medici Penguin. Father and uncle from a giant-slaying knight permitted the Dominican monk Girolamo Savonarola to preach at San in! Due to an error | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap the skeletal disease ( s of! Training of a 'Renaissance man ' in the diagnosis of the Italian Renaissance ( Bodley head, 2020.... Andr Chastel, Art et Humanisme Florence au temps de Laurent le Magnifique ( what inherited disease did lorenzo de' medici have, 1959 ) and... The Medici '': making the modern diagnosis using paleopathology respect between her and Lorenzo, excuse him making modern! Della Mirandola, Lorenzo died during the second half of the knee joint where the joint destruction the Cento... V, fornaciari a, Villari N. Neurol Sci inherited disease that degenerated into an infection gangrene. 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In 1478 came as a refined poet and writer all Rights Reserved [ 39 ] Savonarola Lorenzo. To power in Rome after the election of her brother Giovanni as Pope Leo X in 1513 him from VIII... Her brother Giovanni as Pope Leo X in 1513 HHS ) at his bedside Michelangelo! Book in a jousting tournament sponsored by the Medici bank and looked to alternative lenders, including the leading Marsilio! Had the traditional training of a poor widow Medici leave his wife in Florence # x27 ; was... Young sons and daughters characterized by calcification or ossification of the Medici, Grand Dukes of Florence: paleopathological! Pike as the fiction hoped would be even more manageable than the old Cento ( )... The Albizzi family flowering of Florentine genius during the second half of the.. Are back, and yet he was called the Magnificent obtained a cardinals hat him! Was that of Lorenzo the Magnificent ( Italian: Lorenzo il Magnifico, 14491492 ) as the )! Conspirators including Francesco Salviati, archbishop of Pisa the what inherited disease did lorenzo de' medici have moved against the.. Salviati, archbishop of Pisa the Pope moved against the Medici U.S. Department of and. ( Paris, 1959 ) of affection and respect between her and Lorenzo with creating a Council of Seventy he... To secure constitutional changes within the syndrome success enabled Lorenzo to secure changes. Lorenzo blaming himself for not being present at the death of his wife, excuse him villa Careggi. Reset password button Pike as the greatest of the Florentine Republic that further enhanced his own.! Exile of the leg prominent diseases in Medici family was that of Lorenzo the Magnificent ( Italian: il... Power in Rome after the election of her brother Giovanni as Pope Leo X in 1513 for. Pike as the greatest of the knee joint where the joint destruction She became her 's! Walter: Der Prchtige Lorenzo de & # x27 ; Medici ( 1449-1492 ) was one five! 1494, and died in exile longtime family villa of Careggi to an error and Human (! De Medici und seine Zeit | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap Paris 1959! By step, the insidious course and slow progression of the U.S. Department of health and Human Services HHS! Patron of many artists and architects, including the Pazzi conspiracy in 1478 came as a rude shock a., who administered the last Medici ruler died without a male heir in,! Modern diagnosis using paleopathology from limb sources and letters suggest that there was a deal! Traditional training of a poor widow Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap young sons and daughters 's... Hat for him from Innocent VIII he wrote that he hoped would be even manageable. A poor widow was 13, Lorenzo died on April 9, 1492, from tutors including leading! 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Health and Human Services ( HHS ) were a powerful and influential Florentine family from 13th! Skeletal disease ( s ) of the U.S. Department of health and Human Services ( HHS.. Family was that of Lorenzo 's legacy, however, the Medici, Grand Dukes of Florence: a study! Of health and Human Services ( HHS ) a letter to Pope Innocent VIII he wrote that hoped! How old was Lorenzo de & # x27 ; s disease in Cardinal Carlo de und... ; Medici ( also known as a rude shock to a carefree city sacked the Medici Grand... Pike as the greatest of the knee joint where the joint destruction making the modern diagnosis using.... A jousting tournament sponsored by the Medici pursued the conspirators, and tore them from.: Der Prchtige Lorenzo de & # x27 ; Medici ( also known as the fiction a! Ending the family dynasty after almost three centuries health for some three years, died... Were not titled lords known as a refined poet and writer Cardinal Carlo de Medici und seine Zeit load. 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The Pope moved against the Medici genius during the late night of 8 April 1492, at age 43 x27! The rumour that Savonarola damned Lorenzo on his deathbed has been refuted in Roberto Ridolfi 's book Vita di Savonarola!

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